Chemical precipitation method was applied in for separation and recovery of valuable metals molybdenum, vanadium and aluminum from alkaline V⁃Mo⁃Al solution. By the theoretical calculation and conditional experiments, the effects of precipitating agent dosage, temperature, pH value and deposition time on the precipitation separation of molybdenum and vanadium in alkaline solution were investigated detailedly. The results showed that when CaCl2 was used for vanadium precipitation, the reaction temperature was 80 ℃, the addition of CaCl2 was 1.1 times of the theoretical addition, the time was 1 h, and the pH was 12.9,over 95.3% of vanadium was precipitation recovered. When molybdenum was recovered by Ba(OH)2, under the optimum conditions of temperature 80 ℃, Ba(OH)2 dosage 1.1 times the stoichiometric amount, reaction time 60 min,the precipitation rate of molybdenum was up to 99.6%.

Five kinds of hydrophobic association hydrogel are synthesized with the method of free⁃radical solution polymerization, in which the hydrophilic monomer is acrylic amide (AM), hydrophobic monomers are octadecyl acrylate (C18) and dimethyacetamide(DMAC),the surfactants are lauryl sodium sulfate (SDS),tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB),cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB).The gas storage performance of CH4 and the water absorption capability for five hydrogels are measured. The experimental data has proven that the addition of TBAB or CTAB has a significant effect on the storage performance of hydrogels, and the best storage performance of CH4 is HC⁃SDS/TBAB. In addition,the addition of TBAB or CTAB has an obvious effect on the swelling ratio of hydrogel, and the swelling ratios of hydrogels with the addition of two kinds of surfactants are obviously lower than the one with the addition of a single surfactant (SDS).

A series of cationic surface active monomers of acrylamide are prepared using a kind of polymerizable acrylamide monomer with brominated alkanes of different carbon chains as materials so as to changing the length of carbon chain of hydrophobic group. The product was identified by IR and 1H⁃NMR. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) and surface tension at CMC value (γCMC) was measured with methods of surface tension and conductibity measures; the solubility of surfactants (AMQC8,AMQC12, AMQC16) was determined by UV spectrophotometry at the same time. The experiment results show that with the growth of hydrophobic carbon chain, critical micelle concentration (CMC) was decreased gradually; the trend of Krafft temperature was gradually rising.

Different NaY molecular sieves, including NaY, HY, USY and Ce-USY, were prepared by in situ hydrothermal process, ion exchange and/or hydrothermal treatment. The effects of isologous Y molecular sieves on p-aminophenol preparation from phenyl-hydroxylamine rearrangement were studied. XRD, N₂ adsorptiondesorption and Py-FTIR results showed that although the molecular sieves had differences in crystallinity, they all had the skeleton topology of Y type molecular sieves. The micropore size of HY molecular sieve was about 0.58 nm. NaY molecular sieve had almost no B acid site. For three kinds of other molecular sieves, B acid content ranked in the descending sequence: HY>USY≈Ce-USY, and L acid content ranked in the descending sequence: USY≈Ce-USY>HY. The performance of their catalysts showed that Y-type molecular sieve had the inferior performance, the selectivity and yield of p-aminophenol of target product were less than 15%. So the p-aminophenol product with high yield and purity could be prepared from the smallest amount of reactant only when molecular sieve maintained an appropriate amount of acidity and pore size.

Na-ZSM-5 was prepared by in-situ hydrothermal process. H-ZSM-5 (n(Si)/n(Al)=40) molecular sieves were prepared by ion exchange. p-Aminophenol was prepared by Bamberger rearrangement catalyzed by the molecular sieves using phenyl-hydroxylamine as raw material. XRD, FT-IR, N₂ adsorption-desorption, SEM and Py-FTIR techniques were used to study the topological structure, micropore pore size and acidity of Na-ZSM-5 and H-ZSM-5 molecular sieves. The results showed that the prepared molecular sieves had MFI microporous structures with well crystallinity. Py-FTIR technique showed that Na-ZSM-5 had almost no B acid. H-ZSM-5(40) molecular sieve had weaker B acid and L acid. Catalysis performance showed that phenyl-hydroxylamine conversion was low in the presence of ZSM-5 with weaker acidity as catalyst. However, because of its moderate pore size, p-aminophenol selectivity and yield reached as high as 72.48% and 58.75%, respectively. The optimal conditions of p-aminophenol preparation from phenyl-hydroxylamine Bamberger rearrangement were as follows: mass ratio 1∶3 of phenyl-hydroxylamine to H-ZSM-5(40) molecular sieve, optimal reaction temperature of 353 K, optimal reaction time of 2 h, and water as solvent. Phenyl-hydroxylamine conversion and p-aminophenol selectivity were as high as 86.35% and 78.33%, respectively.

A purely hydrophobically associating hydrogels were synthesized by the free radical copolymerization of acrylamide (AM) and dimethyldodecyl(2acrylamidoethyl)ammonium bromide (AMQC12) in water (named AQgels). Tensile and compressive results showed that AQgels exhibited excellent mechanical properties. The tensile and compressive strengths were increased with the increment of monomer concentration and hydrophobe content. The tensile and compressive strengths of AQ2.520 were about 250 kPa and 14 MPa, respectively. It should be noted that AQgels possessed both high strength and high toughness, which was validated by the tensile breaking elongation of 1 850% and compressive breaking elongation of 94%. Furthermore, AQgels had excellent elastic recoverability because the shapes and mechanical properties recovered instantaneously when the added force disappeared.